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Chitosan CS a deacetylated derivative of
2021-11-30
Chitosan (CS), a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was chosen in this study due to its unique biological characteristics including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial properties (Klossner, Queen, Coughlin, & Krause, 2008; Kong, Chen, Xing, & Park, 2010; Ravi Kumar, 2
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The effect of GC on Fgf was not directly dependent
2021-11-30
The effect of GC on Fgf21 was not directly dependent on ileal Fgf15 because basal Fgf21 cpi 1 was similar in Fgf15+/+ and Fgf15−/− mice. Moreover, GC treatment induced similar Fgf21 up-regulation in both strains. Fxr activation has been reported to increase Fgf21 expression and secretion [28]. In m
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br Conclusions GPCRs are versatile signaling molecules regul
2021-11-30
Conclusions GPCRs are versatile signaling molecules regulating almost all physiological processes, including energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis.105, 106 They also prove to be important therapeutic targets. Drugs targeting GPCRs account for 30% of current pharmaceutical sales. GPR40 is a m
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Introduction Vesicular exocytosis an intracellular membrane
2021-11-30
Introduction Vesicular exocytosis, an intracellular membrane trafficking pathway, is a ubiquitous process for intercellular communication. It occurs when an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and subsequently releases an infinitely minute number of chemical or biochemical messengers
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Introduction Histamine Imidazolyl ethylamine is an important
2021-11-30
Introduction Histamine [2-(4-Imidazolyl)-ethylamine] is an important mediator of many physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, gastric rho kinase inhibitors secretion, neuromodulation, regulation of immune function, cell proliferation and differentiation, among others. Hist
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The observed tendency for higher plasma lactate
2021-11-30
The observed tendency for higher plasma lactate levels in the aerated thermal exposure suggests increased reliance on NS3694 sale metabolism to maintain function. This finding is supported by a recent study that observed an increased ṀO2 in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) exposed to a hyperoxic
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The site of metastasis in
2021-11-30
The site of metastasis in breast cancer often contributes to the patient’s OS. Patients with bone metastasis from their breast cancer often have a notably increased survival over patients with visceral or IKK-16 hydrochloride metastasis. In this analysis, ER+/HER2+ patients were noted to have a hig
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br Introduction The signaling molecule nitric
2021-11-30
Introduction The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in vessel homeostasis by initiating vasodilation [1], [2], [3]. After biosynthesis in endothelial cells, NO diffuses into the subjacent smooth muscle layer to reach its target enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, EC 4
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Studies utilising GPR mice however report different effects
2021-11-30
Studies utilising GPR55−/− mice, however, report different effects of GPR55 on body weight and insulin sensitivity. Genetic deletion of GPR55 appears to have no effect on overall body weight 5, 6, 7. However, one of these studies found increased fat deposition and insulin resistance in GPR55−/− mice
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GLP is an intestinal peptide hormone that is released
2021-11-29
GLP-1 is an intestinal peptide hormone that is released by the gut following ingestion of food, particularly Baicalin receptor and fats. Following its release, GLP-1 stimulates pancreatic β-cells to secrete insulin (Hirasawa et al., 2005, Covington et al., 2006). Originally, GLP-1 acted in a simila
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Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered
2021-11-29
Epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia are probably triggered centrally, perhaps with input from peripheral hypoglycemia sensing [3], [4]. We observed increased epinephrine responses in GCK-MODY and I366F diabetic mice. Consistent with a role for 5 aminosalicylic acid GCK in detecting a low blood gl
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Iodination of commercially available with
2021-11-29
Iodination of commercially available with excess ICl in AcOH gave a quantitative yield of , which was cyclized with benzyl thioamides to give the 2-benzyl-9,10-dihydro-4-1-thia-3,4-diaza-benzo[]azulenes . Coupling of the iodides with heterocycles including imidazoles, triazoles, or zinc cyanide us
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The snapshots in Fig were
2021-11-29
The snapshots in Fig. 5 were taken at the end of the first platteau i.e. for 5 Å rmsd or 4 ns time. Thus, we can see that the state of the i-motif affects the mechanism of the G-quadruplex unfolding. At acidic pH the stiff structure of the i-motif does not affect the bottom part (the innermost) of t
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LPCs have been previously described as potential anti
2021-11-29
LPCs have been previously described as potential anti-diabetic factors due to stimulation of secretory activity from the isolated rodent pancreas, L-type cells, ands insulin-producing cell lines, with LPC 18:1 as the main structure of interest (Soga et al., 2005, Sakamoto et al., 2006, Overton et al
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We examined the expression of notch in the brains
2021-11-29
We examined the expression of notch-1 in the brains of mice following morphine or oxycodone tolerance. The results showed that notch-1 levels did not change following morphine or oxycodone tolerance, with or without the treatment of IRL-1620. This indicates the possibility that morphine or oxycodone
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