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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a
2021-10-02
Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi
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During the tests in vitro SHP showed the beneficial
2021-10-02
During the tests in vitro, SHP289-04 showed the beneficial effect on both two important aspects. In human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, it was found to improve glucose consumption significantly. Otherwise, in pancreas cell line NIT1, it could only promote insulin secretion significantly at high g
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With the exception of R none
2021-10-02
With the exception of R5.40310, none of the other residues would appear to be in a position to mediate direct agonist interactions in the active state GLP-1R structures. ECL2 within the GLP-1R is important for affinity and efficacy of both extended and processed GLP-1 peptides [24]. Though distal fr
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To directly address whether pharmacological
2021-10-02
To directly address whether pharmacological attenuation of physiological GIP provides therapeutic benefits in obese mice, we pursued a selective long-acting antagonist to complement the work we report on GIPR agonism. We report a GIP analog of sufficient aqueous solubility that employs a shortened N
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Inflammatory pain is very common in the clinic
2021-10-02
Inflammatory pain is very common in the clinic. A study demonstrated that galanin was upregulated after nerve injury or inflammation (Ma and Bisby, 1997). It has been reported that galanin plays an important role in the transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal cord of rats with inflamma
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Ning et al showed that LPC appeared to increase
2021-10-01
Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p
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A large body of evidence supports a contribution of
2021-10-01
A large body of evidence supports a contribution of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior (Gorzalka and Hill, 2011, Hill and Patel, 2013, Morena et al., 2016). General findings from this work indicate that eCB anandamide signaling is critical for bufferi
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This connection is supported by studies in the SIV macaque
2021-10-01
This connection is supported by studies in the SIV macaque model of HIV, where treatment with methamphetamine, which greatly enhances CNS dopamine levels (Truong, 2005); increased Antagonist G sale viral load. Methamphetamine also increased expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in CNS macrophages,
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Histamine modulates an attentional state which might affect
2021-10-01
Histamine modulates an attentional state, which might affect performances in the object recognition test. Indeed, systemic injection of H3 receptor inverse agonists enhances the attentional state (41). However, the memory recovery in our study is unlikely to be due to the enhanced attentional state.
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The Rab to Rab switch on endosomes co occurs with
2021-10-01
The Rab5 to Rab7 switch on endosomes co-occurs with the release of the Rab5 GEF Rabex5 from endosomes, which prevents further Rab5 activation [5]. In addition, the Rab5 GAP is recruited to inactivate remaining Rab5 [67]. Recent data suggest that another GAP, TBC1D5, which binds the retromer complex,
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br Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic
2021-10-01
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid and leukocyte accumulation within the arterial wall. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing amino dgat inhibitor derivative derived from the metabolism of dietary methionine. Epidemiological studies have show
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R406 br Membrane transporters as a novel therapeutic target
2021-10-01
Membrane transporters as a novel therapeutic target in pediatric TBI The concept of targeting membrane transporters began with identifying a neuroprotective drug and a corresponding transporter inhibitor. Somewhat serendipitously, we discovered that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine donor for GS
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To examine the possible role of mGluRs in the LH
2021-10-01
To examine the possible role of mGluRs in the LH/PFA in the hypercapnic ventilatory response, a nonspecific antagonist of mGluRs, MCPG, was microinjected into the LH/PFA. MCPG elicited a significantly increased hypercapnic ventilatory response in awake rats, but not during sleep, in the light and da
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br Funding sources This work
2021-10-01
Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to 1400w with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1]. In pancre
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Previous researches about ghrelin focused primarily on gastr
2021-10-01
Previous researches about ghrelin focused primarily on gastrointestinal functions [30], energy balance [31], weight [32], and more recently on anxiety [33], [34], [35] and depression [36]. Here, we provided the first demonstration that chronic peripheral or central ghrelin treatment to CUMS rodents
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