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Autophagy is finalized through the coordinated positioning a
2024-05-13
Autophagy is finalized through the coordinated positioning and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, during which an array of common and specific membrane traffic-associated proteins is mobilized. Among these proteins, small GTPases, like Rab7, Rab34, or Arl8, and their Gap19 proteins, regulate f
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To maintain ATP levels postmortem muscle mobilizes its
2024-05-13
To maintain ATP levels, postmortem muscle mobilizes its glycogen reserves to yield Etoricoxib australia 6-phsphate that proceeds through glycolysis. Glycogen degradation was affected by the interaction between treatment and time (Pinitiation of the experiment. We expected that if myosin ATPase is
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CCCP receptor ATP citrate lyase ACLY is a cytosolic enzyme t
2024-05-13
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from citrate [15]. Acetyl-CoA is the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, and also serves as a substrate of the acetylation reaction of various molecules, including histones and
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As previously mentioned when hypoxia treated cells become re
2024-05-13
As previously mentioned when hypoxia-treated cells become re-oxygenated they sustain a significant amount of DNA damage which has been attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species . This finding represents more than just an interesting in vitro phenomenon as within a tumor, cells have been
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Somatostatin analogs also bind to
2024-05-11
Somatostatin analogs also bind to somatostatin receptors. It has been reported that octreotide has a high affinity for hSSTR2, moderate affinity for hSSTR3 and hSSTR5, and does not bind to hSSTR1 or hSSTR4 (Ben-Shlomo and Melmed 2008). Compared to octreotide, pasireotide displays 40-, 30-, and 5-fol
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br Material and methods br
2024-05-11
Material and methods Results Discussion T2D is a substantial threat to global human health [31]. Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation promotes insulin resistance and T2D [32]. In obese individuals, the production of numerous inflammatory molecules including IL-6 and TNF-a is up
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Based on structure activity relationship of several SARM tem
2024-05-11
Based on structure activity relationship of several SARM templates, Ligand Pharmaceuticals chose LGD2226 as their first clinical candidate (Miner et al., 2007). Although LGD2226 demonstrated myo- and osteo-anabolic activity and maintenance of sexual function in various preclinical models, the develo
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br AMPK as a druggable
2024-05-11
AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted considerable attention within the past decades, owing to the capacity of pharmacological compounds (e.g., 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR] and metformin) or natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol) to activate AMPK in
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br Conflicts of interest br Funding
2024-05-11
Conflicts of interest Funding Introduction Brassicaceae is an economically important family of plants containing rapeseed, cabbage, broccoli, brussels, radish and mustard. Among them rapeseed plays a crucial role, because of its application in food and also in fuel industry. According to th
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In human epidermoid carcinoma A cells lipoxygenase
2024-05-11
In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted cells. The relative abundance of phospholipid hydroperoxide versus glutathione peroxidase seems to play an important role in controlling the lipoxygenase reaction [57]. It has been proposed
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BX-912 receptor Introduction Inflammasomes are large cytosol
2024-05-11
Introduction Inflammasomes are large cytosolic protein complexes with multiple components that trigger a rapid immune response against pathogen-associated molecular pattern BX-912 receptor (PAMPs) during pathogen infections or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) during tissue dama
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Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal rol
2024-05-11
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the debio and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors (
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br Conclusion br List of abbreviations br Acknowledgment The
2024-05-10
Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgments This research
2024-05-10
Conclusion Acknowledgments This research has been supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund 2013 of Chulalongkorn University (CU-56-341-AS) and the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (RA55/22), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. The authors commemorate the 100th Anniversary of
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Phagosomes acquire some hydrolases early during their journe
2024-05-10
Phagosomes acquire some hydrolases early during their journey from the cell surface to lysosomes. An example for such hydrolase is cathepsin H which is most concentrated in the early phagosome at a pH of approximately 6.3 (Claus et al., 1998), the pH optimum of enzyme activity (Schwartz and Barrett,
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