• Several studies have recently used optogenetics

  2023-02-13

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

• There is a delicate balance

  2023-02-10

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the 3466 include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. SODs are

• The levels of Mcl and FLIP

  2023-02-10

  

  The levels of Mcl-1 and FLIP are homeostatically controlled by transcriptional and posttranslational processes. Accumulating evidence suggested that intracellular signaling molecules such as Akt are crucial to the transcription of Mcl-1 and FLIP [30], [31]. The constitutive activation of Akt is dete

• Since the beginning of s more

  2023-02-10

  

  Since the beginning of 1990s, more than 17,000 papers about physiological relevance of antioxidants have been published according to data from web of science. Based on the available literature, it seems that assessing the antioxidant potential of food by means of in vitro assays or solely epidemiolo

• Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with po

  2023-02-10

  

  Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with point mutations in either FSK1 or FSK2 genes [7], [104]. These mutations are located in two different not spot regions of these genes named HS1 and HS2. Hot spot mutations have been reported in C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krus

• br Role of AR in models of neointima formation

  2023-02-10

  

  Role of AR in models of neointima formation Investigations into the pathogenesis of lesion formation have often used acute models of mechanical damage to assess the mechanisms regulating the fibro-proliferative response to arterial injury. Models of acute injury used for this purpose include: lig

• The first and the best characterized

  2023-02-10

  

  The first and the best-characterized mechanism of receptor-dependent internalization of Aβ is mediated via the α7-nicotinic SAR 405 receptor [82]. Lipoprotein receptor protein represents the second best-studied route that facilitates the uptake of Aβ by neurons, involving additional molecules such

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Programme

  2023-02-10

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Programme Grants from the MRC and the Wellcome Trust (SGC-C and MF). CB was in receipt of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship during part of this work. We thank past and present members of our group for numerous valuable discussions throughout these

• In the MT SGL two regularization

  2023-02-09

  

  In the MT-SGL, two regularization parameters need to be specified: λ1 and λ2. Using recent results on norm regularization (Banerjee et al., 2014), it is possible to express both parameters via a single parameter as follows: and (Meier et al., 2008, Banerjee et al., 2014), where and are computed

• br Potential and established risk factor for

  2023-02-09

  

  Potential and established risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease The only way to overcome the above mentioned limitations is the identification of risk factors, which, taken together, can reliable predict the development of AD. Age and ApoE4 are established non-modifiable risk factors for AD. The ri

• nicotinic acid In particular we focused our attention on bet

  2023-02-08

  

  In particular, we focused our attention on beta2 adrenergic receptors, since their commercial inhibitors are effective in lowering IOP, the primary indication of glaucoma. The hypotensive action of a commercial sequence of beta2 adrenergic receptor siRNA was tested in rabbits. The results confirmed

• br Experiment br Results and

  2023-02-08

  

  Experiment Results and discussion Conclusion Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic specific bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1]. TB remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world. It is the second leading infectious cause of death after

• In an insightful essay Heryanto writes

  2023-02-08

  

  In an insightful essay, Heryanto (1990, 40) writes that language is “a phenomenon expressing the particular history of a society” that did not exist in many parts of the world. “Language is not a universal category or cultural activity. Though it may sound odd, not all people have a language in the

• It is already established in the literature that

  2023-02-08

  

  It is already established in the literature that products synthesized by 5-LO, such as lipoxin A4, can activate PPARγ in a setting of experimental stroke [43]. Interestingly, experiments using 5-LO knockout mice in an endotoxemia model to mimic septic conditions, demonstrated reduced multiple organ

• br Conclusion There have been

  2023-02-08

  

  Conclusion There have been multiple clinical trials and pre-clinical studies that have tested the utility of 5ARIs in treating prostate disease, as summarized in Fig. 1. Inhibiting androgen action through the use of finasteride and dutasteride has been established as a valuable resource for physi

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